Path-Goal and Situational Theories of Leadership Assignment

Way Goal and Situational Theories of Leadership - Assignment Example Through this, the pioneer can plainly determine the extents of the assignment to be performed and the procedures, just as the duties that the subordinates need to achieve so as to accomplish the set targets. In this regard, the administration conduct will in general be arranged towards accomplishments, cooperation, steady and order in all angles. The way objective hypothesis helps pioneers in increasing a legitimate comprehension of their workplaces. In this point of view, the pioneer would build up a comprehension of the general wellbeing establishment, and afterward explain the fitting ways that ought to be taken by the representatives in accomplishing the set goals (Sarin and O’Connor, 2009). Besides, the hypothesis lights up the potential impediments that may keep the wellbeing establishment from accomplishing its set destinations. The way objective hypothesis is mind boggling since it places numerous boundaries into thought and every one of these boundaries requires appropriate examination before choice of a reasonable initiative style. General wellbeing organizations contain complex frameworks with differentiated initiative structures thus examination and use of these boundaries may not be powerful. The way objective hypothesis reprimands the position of extraordinary obligations on the pioneers and scarcely any duties on the subordinates. This makes the subordinates increasingly subject to the authority and at long last, restrains their presentation (Laureate Education, 2012). This can have the negative impact on the exhibition of the laborers inside the general wellbeing part since they would try to draw their inspiration and aptitudes from the pioneers as opposed to from self. The way objective hypothesis and the situational hypothesis of administration both offer certain likenesses a large portion of which impactsly affect the idea of initiative in general wellbeing parts. The following are a portion of the similitudes between these two.â

ANd People all Around :: essays research papers

What's more, People All Around      Overall, I feel the play was a triumph. The on-screen characters made an awesome showing depicting their characters and breathed life into a genuine story. The lighting was sufficient, the set was thin, stable was contributed, and the acting was extraordinary. Every scene carried flavor to the play and future comprehension of what was to come. Love, savagery, anticipation, and show filled every scene and kept me intrigued all through the whole play.      Throughout this play their were ordinarily when the lights would diminish to change the scenes, however not a fabulous light show or anything. After each peak in the scene you would see the lights go out and another scene start. I don’t think lights assumed a significant job in this play, however they set the spaces from each point the play. After every scene the lights would go out and the on-screen characters would race off stage just to return and start another scene. The main lighting impacts that occurred were during the scenes when the ensemble would begin singing. One model is when Don was beat up by the appointee subsequent to addressing. A short time later, the lights darkened and you could hear a lovely voice that began singing a miserable tune.      In my assessment the set and the enhancements were fairly hopeless. There was just a phase with a skyscraper and steps just as a case and a seat for props. There was a telephone anyway that was utilized for a couple of scenes. The shades of the entirety of the props just as the stage were a dim grayish shading. In reference, I wondered if that was deliberately accomplished for the idea of this play or in the event that it was occurrence.      The outfits appeared to be somewhat ordinary and nothing stunning. Since the story line occurred in a little southern town in Mississippi, the greater part of everybody wore slacks, collard shirt, and boots. The young ladies in the play had on dresses except for two that just wore pants. I imagine that the ensembles could have been somewhat more detailed than they were. For instance, I don’t imagine that once I saw a cattle rustler cap being worn by the men. The sheriff had his boots on and everything with the little glossy identification and a firearm, yet realize cattle rustler cap. YOU GOTTA HAVE THE HAT!!      Sound was not a significant supporter all through the play.

Is a Fear of the Number 8 Common

Is a Fear of the Number 8 Common Phobias Types Print Fear of the Number 8 or Octophobia Turned on its side, the number 8 means infinity By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on February 06, 2020 Anthony Kushner / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Octophobia is the fear of the number 8. If youre afraid of more than one number you have arithmophobia. In the United States, octophobia is not that common because the number eight is not a ubiquitous symbol of bad luck, the devil or other superstitions. Americans are more likely to have a phobia of the numbers 13 (triskaidekaphobia) and 666 (hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia) because of their negative connotations. In other countries, and in minority religions here in the US, the number eight can be a significant number, making those folks more likely to develop a phobia of it. Numerologists also ascribe meaning to the number eight. The Significance of the Number 8 in Other Cultures In order to understand octophobia, it is necessary to learn about the various meanings ascribed to the number. The number eight is a holy number in many cultures, which carries a great deal of power. Many cultures and religions recognize the number eight is significant because it represents: The major festivals of the Wiccan yearThe number of days in the Jewish HanukkahThe Angels carrying the Holy Throne of Allah in IslamThe Guardians of the Directions in HinduismThe Immortals of Chinese loreAn affiliation with wealth and prosperity Should I See a Therapist? If your fear of the number eight interferes with your personal relationships, your job or your ability to perform essential daily tasks, such as buying groceries and paying bills on time, mental health experts recommend seeking treatment. This is the general standard for most cases of a specific phobia or simple phobia. Number phobias, such as octophobia, can fall into the aforementioned category. As it is nearly impossible to avoid specific numbers, such as the number eight, on a daily basis (consider street signs, addresses, a trip to the grocery store, going to a baseball game...). Therapy for a specific phobia, such as octophobia, usually consists of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, such as desensitization.

Is a Fear of the Number 8 Common

Is a Fear of the Number 8 Common Phobias Types Print Fear of the Number 8 or Octophobia Turned on its side, the number 8 means infinity By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on February 06, 2020 Anthony Kushner / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Octophobia is the fear of the number 8. If youre afraid of more than one number you have arithmophobia. In the United States, octophobia is not that common because the number eight is not a ubiquitous symbol of bad luck, the devil or other superstitions. Americans are more likely to have a phobia of the numbers 13 (triskaidekaphobia) and 666 (hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia) because of their negative connotations. In other countries, and in minority religions here in the US, the number eight can be a significant number, making those folks more likely to develop a phobia of it. Numerologists also ascribe meaning to the number eight. The Significance of the Number 8 in Other Cultures In order to understand octophobia, it is necessary to learn about the various meanings ascribed to the number. The number eight is a holy number in many cultures, which carries a great deal of power. Many cultures and religions recognize the number eight is significant because it represents: The major festivals of the Wiccan yearThe number of days in the Jewish HanukkahThe Angels carrying the Holy Throne of Allah in IslamThe Guardians of the Directions in HinduismThe Immortals of Chinese loreAn affiliation with wealth and prosperity Should I See a Therapist? If your fear of the number eight interferes with your personal relationships, your job or your ability to perform essential daily tasks, such as buying groceries and paying bills on time, mental health experts recommend seeking treatment. This is the general standard for most cases of a specific phobia or simple phobia. Number phobias, such as octophobia, can fall into the aforementioned category. As it is nearly impossible to avoid specific numbers, such as the number eight, on a daily basis (consider street signs, addresses, a trip to the grocery store, going to a baseball game...). Therapy for a specific phobia, such as octophobia, usually consists of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, such as desensitization.

The Vietnam s Southern Revolution - 1906 Words

BOOK REVIEW ASSIGNMENT Hunt, David. Vietnam s Southern Revolution. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2008. Print. 1. whats the book about? Vietnam’s Southern Revolution by David Hunt encompasses the history of North Vietnamese peasants, their social and political history, and the story of their uprising against the foreign backed South Vietnam. The RAND corporation, a â€Å"think tank† organization that assists research, advocacy, and policy suggestion was utilized by the U.S. military in Vietnam to explore the emergence of the NLF (National Liberation Front) in Northern Vietnam. The NLF, also known as the Vietcong, was the main antagonistic guerilla military force which U.S. forces conducted battle most frequently with in dense jungle brush. While not the standardized Northern Vietnamese Army (NVA), the NLF were a ideological driven force which perfected hit-and-run raids against U.S. forces and were made infamous by their all-black battle garb. The common belief was that these peasants were impressionable and naive serfs who readily absorbed Communist and anti-democratic doctrine. After all, the peasants of My Tho, the region in which RAND conducted its operations, were living in relative squalor by modern standards and most had surprisingly little communication with the world beyond their insular and isolated communities. Hunt’s goal is to dispel this popular belief. To the surprise of the RAND corporation, the citizens of My Tho were often more worldly thanShow MoreRelatedThe Vietnam War1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Vietnam War, was to end the awful spread of communism. As Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam’s communist president) fought to which spread North Vietnam’s political uses to Sou thern Vietnam. With this, the American Military Advisors sought to believe that a fall of Southern Vietnam to communist hands, would then lead to a total takeover of neighboring nations to fall under communism. The effect of the neighboring nations falling, was known as the â€Å"Domino Effect†. It all began when TheRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvement in Vietnam was the longest war the U.S. has ever took part in and was considered an extended military engagement due to the fact congress never formally declared war with Vietnam (FCNL). The Vietnam War began on November 1, 1955 and lasted for 20 years until April 30, 1975. The war was fought between the communist Northern Vietnamese and the anti-communist Southern Vietnamese after the country was temporarily divided by the Geneva Accords. Americas entering of the Vietnam War proved toRead MoreThe 1950s : A Decade Of Prosperity, Conformity, And Consensus1470 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesKylie Suitum Hist 406 Final Paper 12/11/15 Historians tend to portray the 1950’s as a decade of prosperity, conformity, and consensus, and the 1960’s as a decade of turbulence, protest, and disillusionment. Do you agree or disagree with this view? Show evidence to support your argument. With the overwhelming amount of Levittown houses, the obsession to obtain the perfect American â€Å"ideal family† as seen on TV and the unspoken agreement to fear any and all foreign ideas and values, the 1950s wereRead MoreFear of Communism Caused the Vietnam War Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam war has been referred to by many names, one of the longer ones was the cornerstone of the free world southeast Asia. It was called that by John F. Kennedy. He was talking about Vietnam being and essential country in a non-communist world. He believed that if Vietnam became a communist country, all of the surrounding countries would also become communists. This is the main reason America was involved in the Vietnam war. Another reason was that America wanted to spread their â€Å"politicalRead MoreEssay about 1968: A Year Of American Transformation1649 Words   |  7 PagesCertainly the most turbulent twelve months of the post-WWII period and arguably one of the most di sturbing episodes the country has endured since the Civil War, 1968 offers the world a glimpse into the tumultuous workings of a revolution. Although the entire epoch of the 1960s remains significant in US history, 1968 stands alone as the pivotal year of the decade; it was the moment when all of the nations urges toward violence, sublimity, diversity, and disorder peaked to produce a transformationRead MoreVietnam Before And After Doi Moi Policy1619 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Vietnam before and after Doi Moi policy. Imagine, there decades ago, what was Vietnam? One of the most aggressive economy in the world? No. It was one of the poorest and the most under-developed country. What miracle happened to change the face of the country? In such a situation, the Government did what needed to be done: making a revolution. An innovation named Doi Moi (renovation) was introduced in 1986. Since Doi Moi, we have witnessed a wide variety of changes in Vietnam. During theRead MoreThe Khmer Rouge s Rise Into Power1308 Words   |  6 Pagesimmediately set about to defeat the communists. After the US forces left South Vietnam in 1973, South Vietnam and the Cambodians had to fight the communists alone. In 1975 without the support of the United States the Khmer Rouge took over Cambodia which would be called Democratic Republic of Kampuchea or Kampuchea. Over 156,000 people died in the civil war, half of them being civilians. On the 25th of December 1978, Vietnam launched a full-scale invasion of Kampuchea and su bsequently occupied the countryRead MoreEssay on Wars and The Birht of Republic, Different Topics1408 Words   |  6 PagesIndochina War took place in the Asian region of Indochina, containing the nations of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.   French, the long time colonial ruler of Indochina was being fought by these nations.   The French started their colonial rule over Indochina in 1859, and had control by 1885.   During World War II, Vietnam resisted French rule, and as the World War came to an end, Japan defeated the French taking control of Vietnam.   Again during 1945, the Vietnamese fought against Japanese rule and were victoriousRead MoreThe American Reaction to Involvement in Vietnam Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagesto Involvement in Vietnam In the early 60s, most Americans were very ignorant about Vietnam. They just saw it as a little concern. They were an extremely confident nation who had never lost a war to date, and whose resources were limitless. So they naturally assumed that all their weapons and firepower would ensure victory in a couple of months. Patriotism was very strong in America at that time. Many people remembered the McCarthy trials of the 1950s, so people wereRead MoreThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 Pages The war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc countries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred during the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos, and Cambodia. This is the biggest and longtime war in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War II

The Yellow Wallpaper - 913 Words

â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† For quite a long time before the past century, the female gender had been a race characterized by limited opportunity and the widespread belief of inferiority to the male gender. It was not until the women’s rights movement took off in the 1920’s that women began to enjoy having the same opportunities as men and playing an active role in society. Before that time, women were perceived as being inferior to their male counterparts and received less respect than men. This resulted in devastating effects on the female psyche, including debasement of character and even catastrophic mental illness. Countless tails of woe written by the women of that terribly oppressed time period convey the isolation, humiliation, and†¦show more content†¦The protagonist’s mental decline serves to illustrate the results of the aforementioned inferior treatment of women by their male counterparts. As one critic argues, â€Å"‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ [is] a story of female confinement and escape.† (Korb) The aspect of confinement is illustrated in the protagonist’s husband preventing her from expressing herself in a healthy fashion. The escape occurs when the protagonist looses her sanity and is reduced to a psychotic wreck as a result of her husband’s treatment. In the 19th century, the female gender faced limited opportunity and the widespread belief of inferiority to the male gender. Women were viewed as being frail, weak, and in constant need of a man to help her do even the most basic tasks. This resulted in devastating effects on the female psyche, including debasement of character and even catastrophic mental illness. Literature written by the women of the aforementioned time period conveys the isolation, humiliation, and agony experienced by the females of that time. The short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, serves as an excellent example of such a piece of literature. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† illustrates subordinate standing of the female role in the 19th century and how such social conditions can have a devastating effects impact on the human mind. (Wilson) Works CitedShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper829 Words   |  4 Pages The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper first appeared in 1892 and became a notary piece of literature for it s historical and influential context. Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper was a first hand account of the oppression faced toward females and the mentally ill,whom were both shunned in society in the late 1890s. It is the story of an unnamed woman confined by her doctor-husband to an attic nursery with barred windows and a bolted down bed. Forbidden to writeRead More The yellow wallpaper619 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The plot of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† comes from a moderation of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s personal experience. In 1887, just two years after the birth of her first child, Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell diagnosed Gilman with neurasthenia, an emotional disorder characterized by fatigue and depression. Mitchell decided that the best prescription would be a â€Å"rest cure†. Mitchell encouraged Gilman to â€Å"Live a domestic l ife as far as possible,† to â€Å"have two hours’ intellectual lifeRead MoreYellow Wallpaper1095 Words   |  5 Pagesand treatments played in reinforcing the prevailing, male-dominant gender roles through the subversion, manipulation and degrading of female experience through the use of medical treatments and power structures. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å" The Yellow Wallpaper† is a perfect example of these themes. In writing this story, Charlotte Perkins Gilman drew upon her own personal experiences with hysteria. The adoption of the sick-role was a product of-and a reaction against gender norms and all of the pressuresRead MoreYellow Wallpaper1673 Words   |  7 PagesSvetlana Kryzhanovskaya Prof. Grajeda ENC 3014-MidTerm Paper March 12, 2012 Structuralism amp; Feminist Theory ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ written by Charlotte Gilman can be affectively analyzed from two schools of thought structuralism and feminist theory. Though structuralists’ deny the work of literature any connection to its author (it must be what it is, no underlying meaning) feminist theory must first and foremost be understood in its historical framework. By the turn of the century,Read MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper3202 Words   |  13 PagesEnglish 1302 22 November 2011 Main Character’s Outsider Theme In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, the narrator, Jane, is struggling to deal with her depression that she is suffering in a confined room that her husband, John put her in. John believes that this will cure Jane and make her better from her depression. Instead, Jane is slowly losing herself within the yellow wallpaper in the room causing her to become insane. Jane is not able to express her feelings with her husbandRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper1362 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is gothic psychological short story written in journal-style with first-person narrative. Other elements used in the story are symbols, irony, foreshadowing, and imagery. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper is about a woman who suffers from postpartum depression. Her husband, a physician, puts her on â€Å"rest cure of quiet and solitude.† (Wilson 278). This cure consisted of the narrator being confinedRead More The Yellow Wallpaper1466 Words   |  6 Pagesfeminist socialist and a realist novelist capture moments that make their readers rethink life and the world surrounding. Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was first published in 1892, about a white middle-class woman who was confined to an upstairs room by her husband and doctor, the room’s wallpaper imprisons her and as well as liberates herself when she tears the wallpaper off at the end of the story. On the other hand, Craneâ₠¬â„¢s 1893 Maggie: A Girl of the Streets is the realist account of a New York girlRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper961 Words   |  4 Pages The Yellow Paper is a symbolic story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. It is a disheartening tale of a woman struggling to free herself from postpartum depression. This story gives an account of an emotionally and intellectual deteriorated woman who is a wife and a mother who is struggling to break free from her metal prison and find peace. The post-partum depression forced her to look for a neurologist doctor who gives a rest cure. She was supposed to have a strict bed rest. The woman livedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper1844 Words   |  8 PagesSarah Kreeger EngWr 301 Professor Bradford 21 July 2013 Short Story Analysis The Yellow Wallpaper: The Power of Society’s Views On the Care of Mental Patients â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman takes the form of journal entries of a woman undergoing treatment for postpartum depression. Her form of treatment is the â€Å"resting cure,† in which a person is isolated and put on bed rest. Her only social interaction is with her sister-in-law Jennie and her husband, John, who is alsoRead Moreyellow wallpaper1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, talks about a woman who is newly married and is a mother who is in depression. â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† is written as the secret journal of a woman who, failing to relish the joys of marriage and motherhood, is sentenced to a country rest cure. Though she longs to write, her husband - doctor forbid it. The narrator feels trapped by both her husband and surroundings. The woman she sees behind the wallpaper is a symbol of herself and

Intersectionality - 715 Words

Intersectionality of Gender Inequality Name: Institution: Intersectionality of Gender Inequality For many decades, women have experienced all forms of oppression and constant violence that threatened their existence in the male-dominated society. Various forms of discrimination and oppression have been directed to women for decades. Violence directed at women such as rape and battery were seen and treated as isolated scenarios. However, as the need to foster gender equality took pace, such oppressive actions are now perceived as elements of a wider system of dominance in the society that that needs to be addressed as a whole rather than in singularity†¦show more content†¦I had a firsthand experience with the intricacies surrounding the issue of gender inequality in the workplace in Asia. I had a placement in one corporation in Hong Kong, and there was no female employee in the senior management. Although there exist legal apparatus to accord female employees equal opportunities at the workplace, many corporate risk legal suits fo r denying female employees their fair share of the job opportunities in the fear of losing their market. Social constructs and religious doctrines are so entrenched in Asian societies to the extent that accompany with many female senior employees can lose their market. Therefore, tackling the issue of gender inequality in the workplace should entail the analysis of all oppressive institutions in that society rather than tackling the problem of the inequality in isolation (Crenshaw et al., 2013). Reference Crenshaw et al (2013). Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis. Chicago: The University of ChicagoShow MoreRelatedTheories of Intersectionality and Oppression1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthat all oppressions are inherently linked underlies the theory of intersectionality that implies interactions of multiple systems of oppression, discrimination, and exclusion. Although we have been exposed to an extraordinarily wide variety of literature throughout the semester, with various standpoints, from very different regions of the world– the one unique concept in which they share is this underlying theme of intersectionality. In their own way, each author points out that we must recognizeRead MoreIntersectionality : A Primer By Christine Emba1756 Words   |  8 PagesGWS 10 Midterm #1 Part 1: Intersectionality 1) The term intersectionality is a concept that is new to me, but gives me a deeper understanding of how people are strongly affected not only by one form of discrimination, but by multiple forms simultaneously. The reading Intersectionality: A primer by Christine Emba defines intersectionality as a term used to describe and recognize how race, class, and gender are separate categories that can overlap and intersect (Emba, 2015). Many times these categoriesRead MoreIntersectionality Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesI will try to explain intersectionality. First of all you need to know what intersectionality is. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework which explains violence or discrimination against humans. Now I will give you an example and then try to connect it to intersectionality. I will use an example of spider web to explain this theory. This example will give you some idea about intersectionality. Think about a spider web. A Point in the centre and all threads connected t o each other. If we removeRead MoreIntersectionality Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesBerlyn Valdez WGS 150 October 16, 2017 Midterm Essay Intersectionality The term intersectionality is a very complex word with room for an open range for multiple definitions. Intersectionality is used to understand numerous types of oppressions and discriminations against people. Although, intersectionality wasnt used as a term until the 1980’s by Kimberle Crenshaw, an american civil rights activist and feminist, as a label for the types of oppressions women of color experienced. This is crucialRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Movement1006 Words   |  5 Pagesfeminism began emerging. It was not until Kimberlà © Crenshaw introduced the term â€Å"intersectionality† in 1989 that feminism started to look at oppressed group’s needs (Nash, 2008, 2). Intersectionality is a way of thinking that acknowledges that when a person has identities that belong to more than one oppressed group, it impacts their quality of life more negatively. In this paper, I will argue that intersectionality is important in the discussion of feminist theor ies and activism because it ensuresRead MoreTheu.s. Bernard s Lecture Notes, And Class Discussions952 Words   |  4 PagesThis week readings, lecture notes, and class discussions, reminded me of my experience with intersectionality in United States. Arriving in American in 1979, my first encounter of intersectionality was in my junior high school, where my race, gender, and culture had a negative role to play in my life. First, on preparing to emigrate to American with my family, my older sisters and I had our hair platted in cornrows with colorful beads, not knowing the negative impact it might evoke upon arrivingRead MoreFeminism, By Simone Beauvoir Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesas inferior. Thus, the reason why a woman is defined as the other is because man has set himself against her for he does not want to be equal to a woman. Question two Kimberle Crenshaw used intersectionality theory to show how gender and race discrimination was experienced by black women. Intersectionality is a theory that studies overlapping discrimination. In her study, the author noted that black women faced gender and race-based discrimination, especially in the work place. If black women hadRead MoreUnspeakable Conversations By Harriet Mcbryde Johnson1184 Words   |  5 Pagessocially permitted against them because they are the deviants of society (Young 53). In our society, the stigma of disability has been socially constructed and disabled people have long been discriminated (Wendell 101). In Vivian May’s essay on Intersectionality, one critical practice is that it can â€Å"challenge false universal and highlighting omissions built into the social order and intellectual practices† and Johnson follows this practice in â€Å"Unspeakable Conversations† (May 81). Harriet McBryde JohnsonRead MoreFeminist Theory Of Feminism 1245 Words   |  5 Pages and economic rights. There were many feminist that fought hard. Mary Wollenstonecraft, considerably protested against the stereotyping of women in domestic roles. In Britain, the suffragettes campaigned for the right to vote ( Feminism and Intersectionality, 2017). According to Krolokke and Scott, the second wave of feminism began in 1960 and lasted through the late 1980’s. This period was concurrent with the anti-war and civil rights movements. Still persistent issues that existed from the firstRead MoreThe Intersection Of Race And Sex1329 Words   |  6 PagesIntersectionality is defined by social categories, such as race and gender that have interconnected to apply to individuals and groups, causing an overlap, which has consequently created a system of discrimination and disadvantages (English Oxford Living Dictionary, 2016). Kimberle Crenshaw coined the term in her article ‘Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Anti-racist Politics’ (1889) whereby her main focus

Usability Test Report

Question: Describe the aims, method,results and evaluation discussion of HSBC? Answer: 1. Aims The main aim of this report is to define the re-prototype mobile app for HSBC bank. In the mobile app of HSBC bank, developer included various functionalities according to the user demand such as money transfer, managing account, information of account etc. This report aims to describe the re-prototype of mobile apps of HSBC bank where developers create a new drop down button in their app for the user. Through this button, user of HSBC bank is able to access their previous recipients. Apart from that, this button allows user to review about their account at least one year with more control in design. However, user interface after re-prototype of the mobile app of HSBC bank reduce burden in order to use other tools where user find all relevant information about the bank. Moreover, this report aims in making a comparison with the major competitors after re-designed the mobile app for HSBC bank in terms of ensuring that re-prototype version of mobile app for HSBC bank will provide greater advantage to the HSBC bank rather than their competitors such as Barclays, Citigroup Inc, The Royal Bank of Scotland, etc. 2. Method 2.1 Experimental Design In this report, researcher identifies problems of existing mobile banking app for HSBC. After identifying the problems of mobile banking app of HSBC bank, this report describes the relevant solutions that help in providing better user experience to the customer. In order to design this report and make the possibility of designing report, collected data and record that information. In order to improve mobile banking app for HSBC bank, identify the problems based on collected information along with the comparison of other banking app. In this report, describe the obvious advantage of re-prototype mobile app for HSBC that is practical base. Analyst of this report introduces confounding variables regarding re-prototype of mobile app for HSBC bank instead of describing artificially (Crowther and Lancaster, 2012). In order to support the feasibility of this study, analyst carried out the test result that mentioned in the Appendix part. This is the key advantage of this report because analy st provides the good understanding of the user of HSBC banking app that taken into the test (Hair and Money, 2011). User also provides right information because they were interviewed without going long distance. This procedure prevents the bias information in this report. 2.2 Participants The main participants of this research were users or customers of banking sector in United Kingdom. Majority of participants that joined in the interview program were 18 to 24 years age. Most of the participants are working part time job and they uses bank services daily for various purpose such as buying things, recharge in their mobile phone, view status of their account, bill payment after buying products, etc (Dul and Hak, 2012). Apart from that, those participants mostly use mobile banking and internet banking for daily uses and main feature that important for the participants were management of payments. 2.3 Tasks In order to test the mobile app for HSBC bank and re-prototype of it, following three tasks are chosen by the researcher such as Balance Checking (Answer: Successfully checks current account status) Transaction management (Answer: Identify properly about the transaction value based on search criteria) Management of payments (Answer: Successfully make payment for buying cloths) 2.4 Metrics In order test the mobile app and rebuilding this mobile app for HSBC 10 types of matrices use in this report such as completion rate, problems of usability, task time, errors, expectation, task level satisfaction, conversation and single usability matrices (SUM). 2.5 Materials In order to test the usability of mobile app of HSBC, different types of material used such as excel sheet of participants information, questionnaires, Inc browser, mobile phone, video calling technology, text messaging, etc. 2.6 Procedure Following are the processes of usability testing of mobile app for HSBC bank No. Procedure Details 1 In order to keep the details information that gathered from participants, researcher provides a unique ID for each participant that takes part into the test for mobile banking app for HSBC (Hesse-Biber, 2010). 2 In terms of maintaining security of information that provide by participants and keeping it safe, all participants are asked for signing in a consent form in order to know that their personal information will be used (Lancaster, 2010). 3 Phone was provided that includes with the mobile app for HSBC to participant (Leavy and Hesse-Biber, 2010). 4 In order to test the usability of mobile app for HSBC bank, face-to-face interview was taken in terms of close observations (Lodico and Spaulding, 2010). 5 For completing the test, observer will be tracking the taken time (Saunders et al. 2009). 6 At the end of test, each participants provides there review about the mobile app of HSBC bank along with pros and cons (Magilvy and Thomas, 2009). 7 After complete the test each participants will be faced a post questionnaires by the interview observer regarding usability test of mobile app for HSBC bank (Riege, 2008). 3. Results 3.1 Summary for Overall Findings According to participant 1 named Harold, he was already participated in other usability test service earlier. He belongs from 18 to 24 years age and work part time basis in different companies such as ASDA, TESCO, ALDI, Toyota, T-Mobile, etc. The participant uses bank services that used by them daily basis for bill payment of buying products. The selected participant is the account holder of different branch such as NatWest, Santander, Halifax, HSBC, Lloyds, Barclays, The royal bank, Citigroup etc. Most of the participants use management payment features of mobile banking app. Gathered information displays that majority of participant uses internet banking and mobile banking method daily. According to the Boris, it has been identified that the participant belong 18 to 24 years age and work part time basis in a company. He uses banking service weekly. The user is the account holder of a bank that belongs to his region north Europe. He used the internet banking, telephone banking and mobile banking methods of banking (Cooper and Schindler, 2010). The important features that used by the participant is manage transactions, manage payments, change pin, request duplicable statements. According to the participant 3 named Rachel, he belongs 35 to 45 years age and self employed. He uses bank service weekly and he is the account holder of the bank service of Santander and Halifax bank. In terms of transaction, he used method of internet banking and mobile banking (Brody et al. 2009). Important features that used by the participant are manage transactions, management payments, change pin. From the viewpoint of user 4 named Abdul, he is working part time basis and belongs 18 to 24 years age. He uses banking service daily for various purposes such as payment of buying products, account status checking, recharge in phone, etc. He is the customer of Santander, HSBC, Lloyds, NatWest and Halifax bank. Method of banking that used by the participant is internet banking and telephone banking (Decaro et al. 2009). He used two features such as manage transactions and manage payment. 3.2 Performance Data Q1. Have you participate earlier for usability test? Options Total Respondents Response No. Response Rate (%) Yes 4 4 100% No 4 0 0% Q2. What is your age? Options Total Respondents Response No. Response Rate (%) 18 24 years 4 3 75% 25 34 years 4 0 0% 35 45 years 4 1 25% 46 55 years 4 0 0% Over 5 years 4 0 0% Q3. What is your employment status? Options Total Respondents Response No. Response Rate (%) Full time 4 0 0% Part time 4 3 75% Self Employed 4 1 25% Unemployed 4 0 0% Retired 4 0 0% Q4. How often you used banking service? Options Total Respondents Response No. Response Rate (%) Daily 4 2 50% Weekly 4 2 50% Monthly 4 0 0% Yearly 4 0 0% Never 4 0 0% Q5. Which bank service you used? Options Total Respondents Response No. Response Rate (%) Santander 4 3 75% HSBC 4 2 50% Lloyds 4 1 25% NatWest 4 1 25% Halifax 4 2 50% Other (Please Specify) 4 1 25% Q6. What type of method of bank service do you like to use? Options Total Respondents Response No. Response Rate (%) Internet Banking 4 4 100% Mobile Banking 4 3 75% Telephone Banking 4 2 50% In-branch Banking 4 0 0% Other (Please Specify) 4 0 0% Q7. Which features of bank service importance to you? Options Total Respondents Response No. Response Rate (%) Manage Transactions 4 3 75% Manage Payments 4 4 100% Change Pin 4 2 50% Request Duplicable Statements 4 2 50% Other (Please Specify) 4 0 0% 3.3 Usability Issues Balance Checking When analyst provided mobile phone including mobile banking application to participant, majority of respondent insert wrong bank account number into the account number input bar of the mobile application. Therefore, it shows that wrong bank account number has been given. However, the respondents that provide right account number and click on the details button, they get information about their transaction but date of the transaction does not meet with the criteria of users. Following table shows the details of test 1 Options No. of Respondents Total Respondents Response Rate (%) Selection of Wrong Bank Account number 2 4 50% Click of Details button 1 4 25% Date of Transaction Incorrect 1 4 25% Managing Transactions When researcher test about the managing transaction over selected respondent, it was identified that majority of respondent provide wrong input into the mobile application. Apart from that, there are one respondent out of four unable to identify the button where he click after putting the account number into the mobile app. Here is the table of usability test 2 that shows the error over respondents during usability testing of mobile banking app for HSBC bank Options No. of Respondents Total Respondents Response Rate (%) Selection of Wrong Bank Account number 3 4 75% Click of Details button 1 4 25% Managing Payments When the researcher test the usability of mobile banking app for HSBC bank, identify the several errors such as selection of wrong icon. For instance, majority of respondent press move money icon instead of transfer icon when they want to transfer the money to other account or other (Jin et al. 2009). Apart from that, there were majority of respondents who press transfer money icon when he or she intense to transfer money to other account. Moreover, respondent select wrong bank account number from which they want to transfer to other account. As a result, payment was unsuccessful for the respondents. Furthermore, some of the respondents input wrong standing order details into the mobile app that does not match with the exact standing order details. Options No. of Respondents Total Respondents Response Rate (%) Select wrong bank account number 0 4 0% Selection of wrong icon 2 4 50% Selection of wrong bank account from which transfer the money into other accounts 1 4 25% Input Wrong standing Order details 1 4 25% 3.4 Redesign Recommendations Recommendations 1: In order to mitigate the problem of balance checking, developer of mobile banking app has to design two different search box with separated purpose along with large search button where the term search written instead of icons. Apart from that, search box need to be design for horizontal basis. First search box has to be interlinked with the second box. Second box has to be connected with the database of banking sector. Therefore, it helps the user in putting right account number for check the balance because after putting the account number user identify the bank owner of that particular account. Thus, bank is able to draw the attention of their customer and will be able to provide better service in terms of balance checking. Recommendation 2: In order to manage the transaction via mobile app, HSBC has to design their app that directly link with the banking database. It will helps in drawing attention of the user when they enter wrong account number Apart from that, details button need to attached bellow of the search box. It helps in putting account number correctly without no hesitation because majority of mobile users uses touch screen phone in these days. Recommendation 3: In terms of managing payments, HSBC or the mobile app developer of HSBC has to design with more user interface. For example, developer has to use word in button instead of icon. For example, replace word instead of icon for move money button. Need to include save bank details after putting information one time. It will help to feel free to user for putting bank details repeatedly. When the user make payment via mobile app, need to add only one box where they put pin number and after click in transfer of move money butting the payment will be successful. 4. Evaluation Discussion This report produces the discussion of re-prototype of mobile app for HSBC bank. The existed mobile app has several problems and in order to identify the problems of mobile app of HSBC bank, researcher selects three different task including balance checking, managing transaction and managing payments. In order to test the usability of existing mobile app of HSBC bank, researcher uses 8 types of matrices such as survey length, survey time, acquisition, screening, etc (Kamath, 2009). In order to test the mobile app usability, researcher selected four respondents named Harold, Boris, Rachel and Abdul. For collecting the information from respondents, researcher uses various materials such as Inc browser, questionnaires, email, text messaging, video calling, participant information sheet (refer to appendix), etc. Apart from that, common industry format for usability test had been maintain by the researcher in this report. Proper procedures had also been maintained such as signing in a consent paper for use of personal data into research paper, provide unique id to the respondents in terms of keeping the record separately, provide mobile phone including mobile banking app, etc (Park and Rim, 2012). In order to take place the testing method in a proper way, researcher observes the respondents and their operation with close watching. Total seven questions were asked to the four respondents according to the taken task and collect their review for report designing purpose (Qu, 2012). After the interview, it has been identified that majority of the respondents belong 18 to 324 years age and work part time job in different companies. Apart from that, most of the respondents use banking service daily (Tang et al. 2008). Only one respondents uses banking service weekly. Majority of selected respondents use mobile banking and internet banking method for transaction as well as payment (Zhang et al. 2012). Some of them use mobile banking and internet banking service for change the pin. From the three-selected task, it was identified that icons is the big problems. User presses wrong icons during managing payment. Majority of user type wrong account number from which they want to transfer their money into other account (Zhang et al. 2009). In order to reduce the problems, it is recommended that, designer of mobile app of HSBC bank need to re-prototype mobile app that will come with greater user interface such as use of word in button instead of icons, link the research box with bank database, etc. Reference List Brody, M., Stewart, V. and Price, C. (2009). Bypass suppression analysis maps the signalling pathway within a multidomain protein: the RsbP energy stress phosphatase 2C from Bacillus subtilis. Molecular Microbiology, 72(5), pp.1221-1234. Cooper, D. and Schindler, P. S. (2010) Business Research Methods, 11th ed. London: McGra-Hill. Crowther, D. and Lancaster, G. (2012) Research Methods, 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Decaro, N., Desario, C., Parisi, A., Martella, V., Lorusso, A., Miccolupo, A., Mari, V., Colaianni, M., Cavalli, A., Di Trani, L. and Buonavoglia, C. (2009). Genetic analysis of canine parvovirus type 2c. Virology, 385(1), pp.5-10. Dul, J. and Hak, T. (2012) Case Study Methodology in Business Research, 3rd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Hair, J. F. and Money, A. H. (2011) Essentials of Business Research Methods, 2nd ed. New York: M. E. Sharpe. Inc. Hesse-Biber, S. N (2010) Mixed Methods Research: Merging Theory With Practice, 3ed ed. New York: Guilford Publications Jin, X., Wu, T., Li, L. and Shi, C. (2009). Cloudiness characteristics over Southeast Asia from satellite FY-2C and their comparison to three other cloud data sets. J. Geophys. Res., 114(D17). Kamath, C. (2009). Application-Driven Data Analysis. Statistical Analysis Data Mining, 1(5), pp.285-285. Lancaster, G. (2012) Research Methods in Management, 4th ed. Oxford: Elsevier. Leavy, P. and Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2010) The Practice of Qualitative Research. Page 253, 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications. Lodico, M. G. and Spaulding, D. T. (2010) Methods in Educational Research: From Theory to Practice, Page 24, 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Magilvy, J. K. and Thomas, E. (2009) A first qualitative project: Qualitative description design for novice researcher, Journal of the Society for Paediatric Nurses, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 298-300. Park, Y. and Rim, M. (2012). Factors Analysis Affecting Success of RFID Implementation. The Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society, 37(2C), pp.157-167. Qu, M. (2012). Cytological Analysis of the Effect of Gametocidal Chromosome 2C on ChineseSpring- E. elongatum 7E Disomic Addition. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 12, pp.1225-1230. Riege, A. M. (2008) "Validity and reliability tests in case study research: a literature review with hands-on applications for each research phase", Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 6(2), pp.75-86. Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2009) Research methods for business students, Page 52, 5th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall Tang, B., Bi, Y., Li, Z. and Xia, J. (2008). Generalized Split-Window Algorithm for Estimate of Land Surface Temperature from Chinese Geostationary FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FY-2C) Data. Sensors, 8(2), pp.933-951. Zhang, B., Jia, Z., He, L., Wang, G. and Peng, G. (2012). Characterization of the protein phosphatase 2c gene from Porphyra yezoensis and functional analysis under dessicating conditionsa. Botanica Marina, 55(4). Zhang, Y., LI, Y., Rong, Z., Hu, X. and Xu, J. (2009). Absolute radiometric calibration of fy-2c infrared split-window channels by using sea buoy data and NCEP reanalysis data. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 28(3), pp.188-193.

Silver or Lead Essay Example

Silver or Lead Essay Drug War Marie Javdanis Plata o Plomo:Silver or Lead tells a story of how the United States attempts to fght the war on drugs. Her point of view shows us how the drug trade effects families and individual people on both sides. Our government tries to fght too much from the wrong side as Javdani tells us In an attempt to find the quickest way around a complicated problem, each year the United States sends billions in aid dollars every year to the governments of Latin American drug source countries (403). This statement by Javdani shows Just how lopsided the war on drugs s. Our government believes if we bring the fght to the source, we can stop the drugs from coming into our country and therefore win the drug war. As Javdani tells us, this is not the best approach as most landowners in these Latin American countries do not have a choice of whether or not their land is cultivated for drugs. Drug lords control vast areas of these Latin American countries with impunity. Our aid dollars and military equipment are not enough for these governments to secure the country sides for their citizens, lack of training and support for law enforcement ombined with widespread government corruption ensure that the majority of our aid dollars to these countries fail to stop the drug flow. The appetite for drugs in the United States fuels the drug trade. Our government could achieve better results if we educated children early and consistently, treated people with addictions, and toughened the drug laws in our country. We will never eradicate drugs in our country, but we can lessen the effects they present by looking at the problems caused here by our demand for them instead of trying to control what people do in another country. We will write a custom essay sample on Silver or Lead specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Silver or Lead specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Silver or Lead specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

10 Tips for Learning a Foreign Language as an Adult

10 Tips for Learning a Foreign Language as an Adult While the U.S. is home to over 350 different languages, according to a report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), most Americans are monolingual. And this limitation can negatively impact individuals, U.S. companies, and even the country as a whole.   For example, the AAAS notes that learning a second language improves cognitive ability, assists in learning other subjects, and delays some of the effects of aging. Other findings include that up to 30% of U.S. companies have stated that they’ve missed business opportunities in foreign countries because they didn’t have in-house staff who spoke the dominant languages of those countries, and 40% stated they could not reach their international potential because of language barriers.  However, one of the most striking and alarming examples of the importance of learning a foreign language happened at the onset of the 2004 avian flu epidemic. According to the AAAS, scientists in the U.S. and other English-speaking countries did not originally understand the magnitude of avian flu because they could not read the original research – which was written by Chinese researchers. In fact, the report notes that just 200,000 U.S. students are studying Chinese compared to 300 to 400 million Chinese students who are studying English. And 66% of Europeans know at least one other language compared to just 20% of Americans. Many European countries have national requirements that students must learn at least one foreign language by the age of 9, according to data from the Pew Research Center. In the U.S., school districts are typically allowed to set their own policies. As a result, the vast majority (89%) of American adults who know a foreign language say they learned it in their childhood home. Learning Styles for Children Children and adults learn foreign languages differently. Rosemary G. Feal, executive director of the Modern Language Association, says, â€Å"Children generally learn languages through games, songs, and repetition, and in an immersive environment, they often produce speech spontaneously.† And there’s a reason for that spontaneity. According to Katja Wilde, head of Didactics at Babbel, â€Å"Unlike adults, children are less aware of making mistakes and the associated embarrassment, and therefore, dont correct themselves.† Learning Styles for Adults However, Feal explains that with adults, studying the formal structures of the language is usually helpful. â€Å"Adults learn to conjugate verbs, and they benefit from grammatical explanations along with strategies such as repetition and memorizing key phrases.† Adults also learn in a more conscious way, according to Wilde: â€Å"They have strong metalinguistic awareness, which children don’t have.† This means that adults reflect on the language they learn. For example ‘Is this the best word to express what I want to say’ or ‘Did I use the correct grammar structure?’† Wilde explains. And adults usually have different motivators. Wilde says that adults typically have specific reasons for learning a foreign language. â€Å"Better quality of life, self-improvement, career advancements, and other intangible benefits are usually the motivating factors.   Some people believe that its too late for adults to learn a new language, but Wilde disagrees. â€Å"Although children tend to be better at subconscious learning, or acquisition, adults tend to be better at learning, because they are able to process more complex thought processes.† Try 10 tips for learning languages: 1) Know why youre doing it. 2) Find a partner. 3) Talk to yourself. 4) Keep it relevant. 5) Have fun with it. 6) Act like a child. 7) Leave your comfort zone. 8) Listen. 9) Watch people talk. 10) Dive in. Feal also recommends other ways for adults to learn a foreign language, such as watching TV shows and film in the target language. â€Å"In addition, reading written materials of all kinds, engaging in interactive conversations on the web, and for those who can travel, an in-country experience, can help adults make meaningful progress.† In addition to these tips, Wilde says that Babbel offers on-line courses that can be completed in bite-sized chunks, anytime and anywhere. Other sources for learning a new language include Learn A Language, Fluent in 3 Months, and DuoLingo. College students can also take advantage of study abroad programs where they can learn new languages and new cultures. There are several benefits to learning a new language. This type of skill can increase cognitive skills and lead to career opportunities - especially since multilingual employees can earn higher salaries. Learning new languages and cultures can also result in a more informed and diverse society.

International management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International management - Assignment Example Global strategy and entry modes have thus been number one priority for these large firms in emerging economies trying to make it in the global scene. This has been due to success in the global scene hence acquisition of competitive advantages. It has also been important for these firms to handle international market entry modes as the initial step in attaining their global mission. The decision and the mode of how a firm from emerging economy enters foreign market has had a significant effect on its overall productivity (John & Allen, 1998). This is because; the business environment that these new multinationals operate in is very competitive and dynamic. As such expansion into these new foreign markets is achievable through various strategies. The focus of this report is to give an account of the market entry strategy used by Bharti Airtel (formerly â€Å"Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited - BTVL†) while penetrating the foreign market. The report uses relevant theories and internat ional business literature concepts to evaluate and discuss the Bharti Airtel choice of entry mode(s) into the foreign market. Bharti Airtel(formerly â€Å"Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited - BTVL†is a multinational company founded in 1995. It is an Indian multinational in telecommunication industry. The company is primarily headquartered in New Delhi. Bharti Airtel got into the foreign market operations years ago and to date the company is actively operational in more than 20 countries cross Africa, South Asia and the Channel Islands among other global markets. The company is known for pioneering foreign business strategy of outsourcing most of its company’s operations apart from sales, marketing and finance and developing the minutes factory system of high cost and low volumes. The Bharti Airtel owes much of its accomplishment to its obliged to offering cutting-edge mobile services, while keeping low pricing strategies, an significant component in India. The

Summery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summery - Assignment Example As identified, external communication is concerned with dispersing information about the company to the rest of the stakeholders (Anderson, 2015). Frequently used forms of external communication include; newsletters, press releases, direct mails and financial records. Public relation forms the baseline of a company’s successful interaction with the immediate environment. Communication only configures and modifies the corporation’s outlook to the community, customers, and possible investors. External communication synergizes public relation, strengthening the company and its relations. Both technology and external communication go hand in hand in influencing commercial activities (Evans, 2010). Modern technology has altered the look of external communication, as the internet has become the means of communication. Technology has both positive and negative effects on communication. External communication faces a challenge of tainting the image of an organization. Those in charge of external communication must bear in mind their audience and companies outlook. Street, C. T., & Cameron, A. F. (2007). External relationships and the small business: A review of small business alliance and network research. Journal of Small Business Management.

Dispersal Policy Of Asylum Seekers And Refugees

Dispersal Policy Of Asylum Seekers And Refugees The essay will look at dispersal policy; a brief background and description of the dispersal policy. Critically analysing the policy in relation to asylum seekers, elaborate the role of NASS and arguments on welfare and asylum seekers in relation to Britains changing laws of seeking asylum. Outline how ideologies have used those policies and the impact they have caused. Critique the policy; explain the Implications and challenges for social work practice in relation to the policy. A policy is a concept developed by government or political party to put down decisions 0r performance and matters that will prove advantageous to society in general. Dispersal is the process of moving asylum seekers to different areas of residence, to share the call on resources and public services amongst a wider range of local authorities across the UK instead of one particular area of the country. Under the immigration and Asylum Act 1999, any asylum seeker requiring support and accommodation may be dispersed anywhere in the UK while their applications are being considered (www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk). Asylum is protection given by a country to someone who is fleeing persecution in their own country. It is given under the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. To be recognised as a refugee, you must have left your country and be unable to go back because you have a well-founded fear of persecution. The person claiming for protection is an asylum seeker. If the claim go through the person becomes a refugee (ww.homeoffice.gov.uk). In Britain, legislation and social policy in relation to asylum and refugees has been a priority for long. Britain gave attention to the refugees they had drafted in the1951 UN convention to provide protection to people who are at risk of persecution in their own countries. People from common wealth countries were invited to fill in gaps in the labour market following the economic boom in 1960sand thus settled in the Greater London. Dispersal has a history in UK, though it is only in recent years that it has come to be used routinely for asylum seekers. Before the 1990s, it was used to distribute specific groups of refugees such as the polish resettlement in 1950s, the Ugandan Asians in 1972, the Chileans in 1974-1979, the Vietnamese as an attempt to de-concentrate ethnic minority families whose numbers had had been considered too high in relation to resources such as housing and schools. (Griffiths, Sigona and Zetter, 2005). The concentration of asylum seekers in London and south east generated localised social and economic costs that those areas were not willing to accept. As a result of local tensions, the practical problems of housing, and supporting large and unexpected numbers of additional residents, some LA started to disperse asylum seekers. From 1996 on wards, London boroughs such as Harrow sent asylum seeker to Teignmouth in Devon (Robinson et al 2003 p: 122). This inspired dispersal and more local authorities were encouraged to do so voluntarily. More so, the policy was also inspired by dispersal of Bosnians in 1993, which was hailed as an example of effective settlement based up cluster areas and the principle of ethnic community formation (Griffiths et al 2005). Initially the policy applied to asylum seekers who are destitute. If they asked for accommodation, they could only refuse to go if they have a medical support in London, risk of domestic violence and have relatives around. The main aims of the dispersal are to relieve pressure on councils in key areas of South East and London which have been over burdened with asylum seekers and to distribute the load more evenly around the count. Those requiring accommodation would be dispersed to areas with housing to spare (www.bbc.co.uk/news). Dispersal was also seen as a means of improving the access of minority ethnic groups to improving life chances and a way of reducing prejudice through the deconstruction of stereotypes that these groups with areas characterised by overcrowding, poverty. The dispersal would encourage informal connection between neighbours of different races who might then begin to see each other as individuals rather than as stereotypes. The objectives of the policy were to control asylum seekers to enter the UK, increasing speed of the decision making for asylum seekers, refurbishing the financial support method of welfare benefits (Griffiths et al 2005). However, to supporters of dispersal policy, the issue is one of costs and equity: if society has made the democratic decision admit migrants, then the whole of society should bear the costs (Robinson 2003, P: 163). When you look at dispersal, it is not about cutting costs, sharing the burden or addressing racism, but about soothing the fears of some voters who want to believe that immigration, and who is allowed to stay in their cities is under control. The government needs to embrace asylum seeking, shift in the tone of public debate away from illegal immigration and deterrence, using the educational system to change public perceptions, and promoting community involvement, active engagement and sponsorship (www.migrationyorkshire.org.uk). Dispersal as a form of enforced population control is primarily a means of reducing the social visibility of asylum seekers and their potential pollution of social space. If the concentration of asylum seekers in the community is constructed as a problem for race relations, then their social dispersal is both a valid and desirable outcome (Griffiths et al 2005). By 1990s the number of asylum seekers had increased sharply and public opinion had turned against them, racialising the issue and labelling them as bogus and undeserving (Robinson et al 2003 P: 122). They are perceived to be economically motivated. Today immigration is perceived by many in Britain as a problem for our society which stems from a fear of unknown. Refugees and asylum seekers create an unwanted entity of the otherness in the margins of UK. From the moment they arrive they face an unpredictable and often aggressively hostile local public with racist political sentiment openly engaging in intimidation and local press making accusations of bogus claims and a drain on national resources (Pierson, 2002,p: 203, Dobrowolsky and Lister 2005). This othering resulted in discriminatory policies, which lead to the social exclusion, and discrimination of the asylum seekers, and refugee communities to the extent that their basic human rights have been challenged and their very existence has been criminalized (Dominelli 2002). I think devising strategies to prevent refugees coming to the country are a threat to the civilisation as it violates the basic human rights. The media could be partly to blame for this concept as they often wrongly imply that all asylum seekers for example, are criminals. Glasgow suspended its participation in the scheme in the wave of press hysteria. Media portrayals are often confusing and unreliable as they represent a gloomy impression about asylum seekers. The media blow up the insecurities of the public to sale more papers, as they are the only visible group in the local communities to blame for the ill health of the welfare system in the country. They have been an easy target for all as they are po werless, dislocated, silent, and do not even having the right to be here (Robinson et al 2003). Before 1996, asylum seekers were entitled to use the same social services as the rest of the population for example, if they had had been homeless, they would go to a homeless person unit, for support. The conservative Government introduced the asylum and immigration Act 1996, which meant that asylum seekers were cut off from mainstream welfare benefits. This left asylum seekers with no access to services. However, this was against the 1948 National Assistance Act which requires local authorities to provide welfare support to those destitute asylum seekers. Some local authorities started providing support to asylum seekers and their dependants if they appeared to be destitute. But, this was done on ad hoc basis and there were no clear guidelines of the local authorities responsibilities. In 1999, a new policy had been formulated for asylum seekers and refugees, which is called immigration and asylum Act 1999. The immigration and asylum Act 1999 gave the National Asylum support service (NASS) the responsibility to provide services and meet needs of asylum seekers. This was due to the problems encountered by the social policy of UK regarding asylum and refugees, the policymakers have decided to establish the NASS in April 2000. NASS was set up to alleviate the pressure on the LA, and also to meet the government view that access to social security benefits creates a pull factor on economic migration. The major role of NASS was to provide support and accommodation for those asylum seekers who are poor while their claim is still being considered. Individual will be given accommodation in the UK, which is usually located and on a no choice basis. This meant that NASS has the sole right to decide for the asylum seekers will be moved (Griffiths et al 2005). In 1999 the dispersal policy marked a fundamental change in British asylum approach by Introducing new procedures for the reception and accommodation of asylum seekers pending their claim for status determination in the UK (www.fmreview.org). Failed asylum seekers are often destitute when support is cut off 21 days after a final claim for asylum is refused (Refugee Action 2006). The Red Cross estimate some 26,000 are living off food parcels although the figure could be far higher (www.rcn.org.uk/). Dispersal failed to relieve pressure on London. It is possible that up to 2/3 of asylum seekers decided to remain in London and stay with friends and relatives rather than take up accommodation in other parts of UK while this does not add pressure to housing, it creates problems a with health and education www.school.gov.uk/policyhub/asylum_dispersal). There were many draw backs, in the dispersal, as there was miscommunication between NASS and agencies concerned. There was no sufficient accommodation in the dispersal areas and the whole situation was in shambles as reported by the for example, councils did not know how many people were sent to them and what language they spoke so that they arrange translating services. In general, principles of the policy were not effectively adhered to. NASS should work closely with other agencies to coordinate action to ensure the presence of asylum seekers do not harm community relations. NASS has been criticised by Fekete as being oppressive and institutionalised racism in her report Crimes of NASS: What is so alarming about the approach of NASS is that they do not consider it their duty to protect asylum seekers from racial violence, or ensure racial harmony, NASS is probably the only body in the country with no coherent policies against racial harassment and no apparent overall strategy to promote good race relations (Fekete, 2001). Since the year 2000, the NASS took the responsibility of asylum seekers to disperse them, wherever there is accommodation without considering their culture, language or any individual needs. Those who are vulnerable were left without support or information (Cohen, 2002, p: 119). Ethnic minority people suffer from linguistic deprivation in areas they are dispersed to. Initially, the idea was to send asylum seekers to established communities who shared a common language and provided comfort and support. However, due to limited resources and scarcity of accommodation in some places, most asylum seekers were sent to places away from the communities. Breaking up families and then dumping asylum seekers in sub-standard accommodation in some of our poorest communities was always bound to backfire. It is a policy that was neither human nor practical (www.independent.co.uk/news). From 1996 onwards, the responsibility of asylum seekers was given to voluntary organisations, for instance, NASS who dispersed refugees away from their countrymen and families. In so doing, their networks are sabotaged and left in isolation where they do not share any ownership or sense of belonging. They are unable to convey information or attain financial assistance from their communities, and that keeps them in a state of tension. There are questions about the long-term impacts on social cohesion, because clustering can deprive these groups of people of integrating in the community. Also, clustering led to emergency of Ghettos in deprived areas of asylum seekers. This may in turn hinder refugees future integration into communities (The Guardian 2005). In addition to that, dispersal has led asylum seekers being sent to live in the very poorest areas where there were large numbers of people living on either benefits or in the lowest-paid jobs where they were not only more likely to face assaults but were also twice as likely to face racial harassment. More so, the accommodation of these dispersed people is made with no choice as to the location and anyone leaving the accommodation offered to them will lose the right to support. As a result, they are will be impoverishment, poverty, exploitation, ill health and sometimes death. Secondly; some of them whose claims are still pending are sometimes taken to detention centres where they are dealt with brutally with discrimination and abuse (Cohen, Humphries Mynott, 2002). In relation to housing some private landlords force asylum seekers to live as a family with people they do not even know. Overcrowding has become an issue for larger families, which are given smaller accommodation. Others return to their homeless charities after failing to cope with the situation (Audit Commission 2000, p: 3). NASS housed accommodation has no legal protection from eviction and the legislation of 1999 deteriorated in relation to housing conditions for asylum seekers and where by landlords growing richer on contracts in order to accommodate asylum seekers (Cohen et al, 2002). One of the worst impacts of the Asylum and Immigration Act is the extension of immigration checks to housing and to all homeless applications. If the Home Office learns that a refuge has received public funds, he might lose the right to stay in the country or fail to renew their permission to stay (Cohen et al 2002). Again, the vouchers are stigmatising, as they are used in fewer shops and less on public transport. Asylum seekers and Refugees who are skilled, experience high unemployment and low pay as there are not as many jobs in rural areas as the cities, and the policy sabotage them from their networks that would help them. As a result of this, asylum seekers are discriminated against instead of being offered opportunities and strategies for help (Ibid). The government initiative towards asylum seekers preserved within the 2004 Asylum Act did not include the children welfare or to ensure that their human rights were thought of. On the contrary, children of asylum seekers whose claims failed are threatened to be removed from their families due to the powers of this act. A government which sets out to make the children of failed asylum seekers destitute cannot seriously argue, Every child matters (Lavalette and Pratt, 2006, p. 200). It destabilizes the domestic and international human rights commitment and undermines the Third Way ambition of every child matters. The detention centres, prisons and enforcement of dispersal programmes together with the 2002 Nationality Immigration and Asylum Seekers Act are all stereotyping asylum seekers as criminals, agree to be dispersed anywhere to get support, accommodation taken off them if they try to choose, taken in to isolation with high levels of crime directed to them, lack of legal representation. According to the Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigration: These policies are not only discriminatory against one of the most vulnerable sections of our community but also, of the worst kinds of social engineering which is destined to fail (www.lga.gov.uk). More so, the Audit Commission has reported that asylum seekers and refugees get poor health care though they are entitled to free healthcare. Some of the GPs have taken their names off the lists as there is a tendency that it might impact on their surgeries. On the other hand, the examinations refugees take at ports of entry, have no follow ups due to poor health check ups. They are again registered temporary which does not allow keeping frequent medical records and cannot put their needs into account due to the rights and responsibilities of healthcare. For instance, most refugees experience post-traumatic stress disorder as they escape. (Audit commission 2000a). The dispersal is reported to have improved recently, but this is down to the NASS working closely with other agencies like police, landlords, and local councils. They had all been included in the deciding in the area that was to be used, monitored the impact of the arrival of the asylum seekers on schools and other services and monitored community tension (guardian 2005). The policy has some success; this is evidenced by the larger number of refugees and asylum seekers in Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester areas, and Birmingham hosts a sizeable refugee population in Wet midlands. There has been a corresponding growth of refugee community organisations (RCO) in these areas compared to before the dispersal policy of 1999 (Griffiths et al 2005). In this section the will look at implications and challenges of social workers face in their work with asylum seekers and refugees in the context of dispersal policy in the UK are: Social workers tasks include giving assistance and proper attention to these individuals and ensuring that they receive the services which are included in the immigration and asylum Act. NASS is responsible for identifying who among the asylum seekers have the right to be given the services offered by such agency. The NASS should coordinate with the social workers, and the members of the enquiry lines to know if there are asylum seekers who need assistance of the government (Dominelli, 2008). Hayes and Humphries (2006, p: 44) argue that it is often the most vulnerable who suffer from lack of additional support; parents worry for the health and well-being of their children. For example, a mother who can not breastfed her child because she is HIV positive and cannot afford to buy formula milk for her child. This puts social workers in a dilemma as they are forced to decide on eligibility based on immigration status, and the tension between social work values of providing for those in need and the requirement to exclude people from services. Social workers are forced to negotiate between this role of controlling access to support and that of providing care. In addition to that, social workers working with asylum seekers experience a growing demand for the services as a result of new arrivals in a period of the budget constraint and their work tended to be dominated by assessing eligibility and providing for immediate needs rather than a broad social work role. Social workers need to understand the impact of negative stereotyping on asylum seekers. Thompson (2009, P: 158) the need to recognise the significance of discrimination and oppression in clients lives and circumstances has been emphasised. As we have seen that asylum seekers will be subject to racist media portrayals and hostile views from members of the public, these factors will not help to integrate them into the community once an application has been successful. Thompson (2009, p: 18) argues that the role of social work is to contribute to social stability, to ensure that the level of social discontent does not reach a point where the social order may be threatened. Therefore, it is the role of social workers to help asylum seekers to integrate into local communities and adjust to a new culture. They will need to help asylum seekers to become more empowered as individuals and groups so that they can better represent themselves in the wider community. Empower involves practitione rs having to reinvent their practice and their perceptions of particular problems and solutions (Trevithick, 2005, p: 219). Social workers were under pressure as Social Services are using their already over stretched budgets to provide for asylum seekers. Following the negative media portrayals; the local populations made the assumption that the social services budgets were drained, not as a result of government not providing enough money, but because of the asylum seekers. A discussion about who pays the taxes for public welfare and costs of migration devalues immigrants contributions to economic growth (Dominelli, 2008). In some cases social workers were seen as supporting asylum seekers and neglecting the rest of the population. The role of a social worker is to address issues of oppression and discrimination on a daily basis yet their involvement is too little. Emphasis on the health and welfare of children allow social workers to become focused on specific issues such as safe case transfer of unaccompanied asylum seeking children, while not focusing on the needs of the vulnerable adult. (Hayes et al, 2006). Instead of the centralised NASS service provision, it would be better if asylum seekers could use local Social Services teams and benefits offices as these are more accessible. However, limited resources and staffing, the government should provide more support within the existing mainstream structures. Instead of training more social workers and community workers to support the asylum seekers, the government set up NASS, whose staff are not trained in anti-discriminatory principles, and had not got enough experience in housing and settlement issues. NASS work practices lead to more discrimination and social exclusion of the asylum seekers. Social workers must seek clarification within their services concerning the issues related to asylum seekers. As the most asylum seekers do not speak English or cannot command the language well, social workers should make good use of interpretation services and make sure that these services are available for the asylum seekers and able to communicate appropriately. Patel and Kelly (2006, p:5) suggest that ensuring access to interpreting services, and more equitable access to language learning opportunities, is essential for the appropriate provision of social care to Asylum seekers. It is my belief that all human beings deserve respect and dignity and should be treated will equal concern; however, looking at the media it is evident that the UK is struggling to sustain the support required for asylum seekers, which is becoming a growing problem within the UK today. The Human Rights Act 1998 applies to anyone living within the UKs borders regardless of circumstances or nationality; until an asylum seeker receives refugee status they are often in a state of limbo and regularly their equal rights are denied. Therefore, anti discriminatory practice and humanitarianism is vital within Social Work practice. Social workers should be involved in campaigning for the rights and ensure that they are observed (Dominelli 2008). The role of a social worker is to adhere to enhancing an atmosphere of acceptance, tolerance and equality for all individuals no matter what their background is. It is essential that Social Workers and those accountable for providing services and support to the most vulnerable in our society do not lose sight of the fact that asylum seekers, regardless of their immigration status, are human beings, with fundamental and basic human rights, needs and aspirations. In conclusion, although dispersal policies are always understood as ways of temporarily accommodating asylum seekers as they wait for their decision on their asylum claims, the government needs to look at things on a long-term basis so that they are dispersed where they are able to integrate. Therefore, policy makers should also think of the future employment probability and service as they are most of the requirements for the future. NASS should work together with agencies concerned to make sure that asylum seekers are not put at risk. I have critically describe the policy, explained the implications of the policy into social work practice.

Essay on Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales -- Canterbury Tales Ess

Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   When Geoffrey Chaucer undertook the writing of The Canterbury Tales, he had a long road ahead of him. He intended to tell two stories from each of thirty pilgrims on the way to Canterbury, and then two more from each pilgrim on the way back from Canterbury. Of these, he completed only twenty-four. However, in these tales, Chaucer depicts both the pilgrims and their stories with striking realism. In "The Nun's Priest's Tale," "The Canon's Yeoman's Tale," "The Friar's Tale," "The Reeve's Tale," and "The Cleric's Tale," Chaucer demonstrates his remarkable insight into human nature. By comparing and contrasting these tales, one can see the universality of human nature as shown by Chaucer. One human trait apparent in these selections is greed. Avarice drives the hearts of many men, whether they may be a common miller or a summoner or a supposedly religious canon, and Chaucer was aware of this. In the tales which contain these three characters, Chaucer depicts the greed of these characters. The Reeve tells his fellow pilgrims in his tale of a miller who "was a thief ... of corn and meal, and sly at that; his habit was to steal" (Chaucer 125). The summoner in "The Friar's Tale" "drew large profits to himself thereby," and as the devil observes of him in this tale, "You're out for wealth, acquired no matter how" (Chaucer 312, 315). The canon in Part 1 of "The Canon's Yeoman's Tale," as well as the Yeoman himself, had been driven by the goal of converting base metals into gold, and "though we never realized the wished conclusion we still went on raving in our illusion" (Chaucer 478). The second canon of which the Yeoman speaks is many times worse than his own canon and mas ter, using h... .... Works Cited Balliet, Gay L. "The Wife in Chaucer's Reeves's Tale: Siren of Sweet Vengeance." English Language Notes 28.1 (1990): 1-5. Baylor, Jeffrey. "The Failure of the Intellect in Chaucer's Reeve's Tale." English Language Notes 28.1 (1990): 17-19. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. Nevill Coghill. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1960. Dictionary of Literary Biography: Old and Middle English. Ed. Jeffrey Helteman and Jerome Mitchell. Detroit: Sale Research, Inc., 1994. Edden, Valerie. "Sacred and Secular in the Clerk's Tale." The Chaucer Review 26.4 (1992): 369-376. Fehrenbacher, Richard W. "'A Yeerd Enclosed Al About': Literature and History in the Nun's Priest's Tale." The Chaucer Review 29.2 (1994): 134-148. Whittock, Trevor. A Reading of The Canterbury Tales. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1970.      

Wound Care

Program Evaluation: Wound Care Center The Methodist Hospital offers a Wound Care & Hyperbaric Medicine Program which works closely with patients and specially trained physicians (2010). The program focuses on monitoring, management, and treatment of chronic and non-healing wounds (TMHS, 2010). Non healing wounds affect a large number of the populace and prevent people from leading an active life. Researchers report new technologies are altering the process in which chronic wounds are treated. More options for wound treatment are available today than previously available. Bio-engineered skin substitutes, specialized dressings and the latest compression wraps are a few of the more recent methods for wound treatment. The Methodist Hospital's Wound Care & Hyperbaric Medicine Program offers state-of-the-art technologies and advanced wound care techniques to effectively care for non-healing wounds. Evidence depicts that a wound that has not healed in over a month should not be overlooked (CDC, 2009). The TMHWC program uses a team approach to promote advanced wound healing. The first step of healing for patients enrolled in the wound care program is a methodical evaluation by a wound care physician. There is a huge need for quality wound centers. Non healing wounds and excessive management cost health care centers a substantial amount of money each year. According to Pompeo (2010) health care organizations want well-organized and precise figures to decide which cost effective wound care services to propose. The difficulty with chronic wounds is that it is very demanding on staff within a hospital’s organization (Shai & Halevy, 2005). The burden of chronic wound management is constant and an evaluation is necessary in an effort to prove the importance of maintaining The Methodist Hospital Wound Center. The purpose of this evaluation is to examine the wound care program at The Methodist Hospital in Houston Texas. This evaluation will provide the history and overview of the root source for chronic wounds and the effectiveness of treatment of those wounds. This evaluation will also comprise a review of the programs patient population, chronic wound diagnoses, primary diseases, treatment devices, as well as costs associated with the health care organization. The assessment will expand the findings of the previously submitted needs analysis for the healthcare organization expansion of services. The components of the proposal are consistent with the organizational mission, values and vision. Background The Methodist Hospital's wound care Treatment Center came to exist from a meeting between several surgeons at a wound care clinic in Southeast Texas. The physicians were discussing a patient who had suffered with wounds for a number of years. The physicians were interested in increasing improving the credentialing and recognition of wound care services. The Wound Care Center was founded and incorporated in 1990 as an extension of The Methodist Hospital. The Methodist Wound Care Center is dedicated to the multidisciplinary team approach in promoting the science of prevention, care, and treatment of acute and chronic wounds. Today the Methodist Wound Center continues to offer treatment and intervention for chronic wounds. The Methodist Wound Center is an independent center staffed and funded by The Methodist Hospital. A chronic wound has an appearance of one or more underlying conditions which become evident on the skin. Chronic wounds are reported to have the following etiologies (Krasner, 2001): pressure, venous, arterial, diabetic, ischemic, cancer, and end-of-life. A chronic wound entails intervention by numerous health care authorities to address the many conditions and co-morbidities that impact future prognosis and healing. Mission The mission of The Methodist Hospital's Wound Care Center is to provide a full range of the highest quality, outcome oriented physical therapy services for a variety of patients with wounds. The Methodist Hospital Wound Care Clinic team of specialists works together for improved healing rates and fewer amputations in chronic wound cases. In the course of treatment, the clinics aim is to prevent prolonged or permanent disability and reduce hospitalizations. Vision Statement Where people want to work, where physicians want to practice, and most important, where registered patients want to go when they need healthcare services. The vision statement sets specific goals in objective terms, and a time frame for the goals to be met (Pelland, 2009). Literature Review Webster's New Riverside University Dictionary (2010) defines an ulcer as an inflammatory, often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucosal surface of the body, as in the duodenum, resulting in necrosis of the tissue. Dorland's Medical Dictionary (2010) describes an ulcer as a local defect or excavation on the surface of an organ or tissue which is produced by sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. Wounds that do not respond within the expected time frame are defined as chronic wounds or ulcers (Wollina, Hansel, Kronert, & Heinig, 2010). Chronic wounds are contributed to primary diagnoses which slow down the healing process and may sometimes result in death (CDC, 2007). The first step in conducting a needs analysis for the Wound Care Center is to identify the services most in need of support. A review of the number of referrals for different services could direct an initial effort. Networking with practices that have already implemented similar services may be of assistance. Performance measures must be in place for monitoring program success. Performance measures should assess for method reimbursement and sustainability, patient and provider satisfaction, treatment outcomes, and areas for improvement (Lockamy & Smith, 2009). Development of standards makes ease of operation with other systems a reality and are necessary for efficient operations (Spivack, 2005). Principles to be considered in selection, implementation, and evaluation are patient satisfaction, strategic alignments, process management, performance measurement, and project management (Lockamy & Smith). Developing community and governing commission liaisons will strengthen the chance of program implementation success (Dick, Manson, Hansen, Huggins, & Trullinger, 2007). The CDC (2009) reported that over 25 billion dollars is spent annually to govern the management of non-healing wounds. Each year seven million Americans are diagnosed with at least one type of chronic wound. The incidence rate of chronic wounds ranges about ten percent annually and is contributed to the current increase in age of the populace. Stages of Wound Healing There are three phases of wound healing (Fishman, 2008). First, there's phase one-the inflammatory phase, which immediately begins and is active for the first five days of injury. The inflammatory phase generates coagulate from vaso-constriction, platelet aggregation, and thromboplastin formation. The proliferative phase is the second stage of wound healing. This phase transpires up to three weeks after injury. Granulation, contraction and epithelialization draw the ulcerated edges together in an effort to reduce the deficiency (Fishman, 2008). Stage three of wound healing is sometimes defined as the remodeling phase. The modification stage last up to two years. Collagen is formed, which increases the overall vigor of the wound (Fishman, 2008). There are three types of cost analyses. They are cost-effective analysis, cost-benefit analysis, cost-utility analysis and cost-utility analysis. They are aimed at reducing the wastage of resources in invalid methods by getting the advantages of use of a particular activity with the value in terms of cost. People with diabetes are more prone to developing ulcers on their feet. Decreased sensation and a lack of circulation lead to this problem. The best way to prevent ulcers from forming is by performing a daily foot inspection. The three are not mutually exclusive in their use and can be used in any one particular situation though in different stages of the pyramid. An example is the use of exercise as a cost-effective means of tackling diabetes. In one of its many advantages, the exercise does not only help manage the diabetes but other conditions are catered for in the primary stage. This includes, stress reduction and hypertension which may be additions to the disease. There are many benefits of using exercise to various diseases like the cardiovascular types. The use of exercise is implemented in the third stage, tertiary stage that will include the treatment or management of the disease. It helps in burning down the excess calories in the body. (Hatziandreu, E. , 2003) Wound Center Protocol Patients undergo an inclusive physical upon admission to the wound care center. The work up plan for wound care consists of physical evaluations, blood work, Xrays and wound assessments. Medical staff meets daily to discuss the best plan of care for the patients. The treatment protocol Centers which practice systematic ways to develop wound treatment provide excellent care, including evidence based treatment protocols which lead to superior clinical outcomes (Fishman, 2008). The Methodist Hospital's Wound Care Center treats and takes care of the wounds at any part of the body including sacral, abdominal and even in the lower extremities. The center treats all types of wounds caused by burns and pressure, diabetes, radiation and vascular diseases. The centers protocol is to treat all chronic wounds until they heal as well as prevents recurrence and preserve limbs. The center’s staff does not only treat but also monitors wounds teaches prevention ways such as eating proper nutrition among other specialties. Program Objectives The American Physiological Society (2010) website indicated the evaluation provides formative feedback that helps guide a program as it is being implemented. It also provides summative data that clearly demonstrates that the program is accomplishing its stated goals and objectives. Without an efficient evaluation, the program personnel may be unsuccessful with regard to documentation of impactful program issues. The Wound Care Center employs five full time registered nurses, certified in wound care. The center also employs three administrative personnel, including the clinic administrator. The wound care center employees several medical staff physicians, including a podiatrist, 2 general surgeons and one plastic and internal medicine. The treatment of chronic wounds and research on the pathogen has been going on for many years now. Despite the effort, a large number of people still face the problem when it comes to wound care. A number of people have named lack of integrative perspective in research methodology as a critical issue facing wound care centers (Singhal, Reis, and Kerstein, 2001). Researchers do not view treatment of wounds holistically but have focused on efficacy and safety of specific therapies. The Methodist Hospital's Wound Care Center objectives are to continue with single treatment investigation in addition to pursuing an integrated approach to the mechanisms of wound healing. Integrated approach deals with the physiological activities that make a wound heal or not heal based on the fundamental activities. Study design This study design is pertinent to an evaluation of the wound care center and the subsequent hospital visits from patients subsequent to discharge. The study design for this research is quantitative and the population will be those patients who required treatment at the Wound Center within the last 24 months. The study will use data from Method admissions data base to calculate the number of patients. The system will also track the number of patients returned to the center. Quantitative designs require a prearranged selection of variables. Quantitative designs clarify the result of an experiment, a correlation testing, and often involve the acceptance or the failure to rejection the null hypothesis (Sproull, 2004) using statistical formulas and hypothesis testing with a significant randomly selected sample that represents the population (Creswell, 2004). Sample Patients who are currently admitted in the wound care center and scheduled for discharge within the next 30 days will be the population for this study. The population will be reviewed and counted from the Method’s computer system. We will aggregate the data of all patients admitted and discharged from the last 24 months. The selection process can be described as systematic sampling. The specificity of the items in the database is controlled by change. The series of items is compiled from the medical record number and is tracked over the last 24 months. The advantage of systematic sampling is that, unlike simple random sampling, a designated number does not need to be assigned to every item. Most patients have been discharged from the program because the wounds have healed or they have transferred to other wound care facilities. Recruitment of Participants. This evaluation will not require an excessive amount of contact with participants. There will be no questions or surveys provided to the participants. An option for this evaluation is to review the data in Method and analyze the discharge and monitoring of each wound care patient. MethoD is the computer admitting database which reports on all admitted patients to any program within the institution. Methods The research study objectives is to identify chronic wound services that need most support, to review the number of referrals and to determine the favorable ways of treating, preventing and controlling chronic wounds. The study uses quantitative data from The Methodist Hospital's Wound Care Center computer records. The study will use a systematic sampling of all the patients that have been treated for wound in the last 24 months. The study will record all the patients who have visited the hospital with wounds, it will determine their age, sex and the type of wound they were treated on. The study will also record how many times the patient has been treated and when the wound healed and if it did not heal the preventive advice given to the patient. The methods of data collection will be observation and investigations of medical records. The prearranged selection of variables includes age, sex, type of the wound and the duration it takes for the wound to heal. The correlation testing will be used to find out if there is a relationship between persons age and time the wound takes to heal or the type of the wound and the sex of a person. The study will apply statistical model of wound healing rates because it predicts the actual healing of the wound. The statistical model does not impose a fixed methodological structure on the healing structure such as time but monitors the progress and actual behavior of the wound (Kumar, 2007). Data Analysis The results obtained from the centers medical records and analyzed by Method’s computer system showed that the center had received quite a number of wounded patients. The computer software showed that 3-4 people out of a hundred people who visited the hospital were wounded. An estimate of 20-30% of the hospital beds were occupied by patients with wounds a big percentage being patients whom had acquired wounds during hospitalization. Pressure ulcers obtained during the period of medication is the major cause of chronic wound affecting an estimate of five inpatients. The results also showed that 5% of patients died after contracting surgical wound infection during the period. The result statistics indicated through tables and graphs drawn using method computer programs showed that chronic wound were caused by a number of factors such as immobility which usually affected patients on hospital bed causing bed sores and pressure ulcers. The other factors included diabetes, trauma, poor circulation and vascular disease (Stillman, 2010). Diabetes was the major cause of developing a chronic would as statistics showed as 20-50% of people with diabetes had the risk of contracting . Wounds can also be caused by other causes namely unhealthy nutrition, ill-fitting shoes, hygiene and lack of exercises. A big number of people obtained wounds after falling. The research study used a new statistical model that combines both the wound’s size wand the time of closure. This was because it was not easy to determine the actual time that most patients would heal after they were released from the hospital. Methodist Wound Care Center just like other hospital and clinical centers released their patients after their wounds closed after giving them advice on proper preventive measures. The model analyzed the wound size against time. A graph drawn should exhibit negative correlation, that is, as time goes the size of the wound reduces in order to indicate healing. Implications Meta-analytic review of wound healing processes showed that the duration a wound took to heal depended on the type of treatment given and the size of the wound. A large number of wounds do not heal completely but only undergo a process called closure. It is therefore not easy to calculate the correlation between the size of the wound and the duration it takes to heal completely. The statistical approach therefore calculated the time of closure as the healing of the wound. Studies have shown that there are four major stages of healing. A normal would heal even before stage IV but a chronic wound that progresses to stage IV may have serious implication that may lead to amputation (Columbia University Medical Center, 2007). Stage IV is usual the wound closure as it involves formation of a new skin and scarring but it does not mean the wound is completely healed. The data analyzed showed there was a negative correlation between the time of closure and the size of the wound. The size of the wound decreased as time the patient undertook treatment increased. This was a measure that healing process was taking place. While 45% of the patients admitted in the hospital for the given period showed a healing trend, some patient’s wounds did not heal regardless of the time frame. In fact some small wounds grew in size as time progressed. The study results did not indicate a linear relationship since some wounds grew in size as time progressed while others became smaller as time increased. The study results showed a non-exponential Gompertz-type model that shows specific differences and variations in individual wound behavior. Monitoring The modified Gompertz-type model was the best for monitoring and evaluating the healing process of the wound as it applied to all types of wound (both the ones that healed and the ones that did not heal). The model has advantage over other models as it could predict the rate of healing based on the treatment and similarity of wound type. Healing involves tissue healing and wound closure. The study model monitored all the patients that had visited the hospital in the last 30 days to determine which stage of healing process they were in. Generally the healing process involved four phases namely inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, remodeling phase and epithelialization(Hess, 2005). All the wounded patients for the last 30 days were monitored and the phase they were in recorded. The wounded patients that had already visited the hospital in last 24 months were expected to be at various phases depending on the size and type of the wound. A table was thereafter recorded and graphs drawn to analyze the data in order to gain conclusive results of the study. A normal wound requires 3-4 days to be at the epithelialization phase where another layer of skin form leading to scarring (Sussman and Bates-Jensen, 2007). Some wounds take more than that depending on the size of the wound. The research study was given 30 days period in which to monitor the phases of patients wound in order to get conclusive results. A table was set up for all the wounded patients, the time they were admitted and the time they underwent all the four phases. At the end of the one month period a time table was prepared that showed the time period and the number of patients at a particular phase.